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Mexico City Basilica (Old) of Our Lady of Guadalupe 
The Old Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, also known as the Old Basilica of Tepeyac and the Templo Expiatorio a Cristo Rey, was the original church built on the site where the Virgin Mary is believed to have appeared to Saint Juan Diego in 1531. Construction of the Old Basilica started in 1695 and was completed in 1709 and dedicated to the Virgin Mary in her appearance as Our Lady of Guadalupe. An event that played a crucial role in the conversion of the Indigenous people to Christianity in Mexico. The basilica became one of the most important pilgrimage sites for Catholics, attracting millions of visitors each year, especially around December 12th, the feast day of Our Lady of Guadalupe. Unfortunately, its location was on unstable ground, resulting in the Old Basilica suffering from severe structural issues, leading over time to significant tilting and sinking. In the late 20th century, it underwent restoration to address the structural damage caused by the sinking, something that has help preserve the building. The damage caused by its sinking resulted in the construction of a new basilica, this was built nearby in 1974 and completed and consecrated in 1976. The New Basilica known as the New Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe is a modern structure that now houses the cloak displaying the original image of the Virgin of Guadalupe found on the cloak of Saint Juan Diego. This is believed to have been miraculously imprinted on his cloak when the Virgin Mary appeared to him in 1531. The Old Basilica was constructed in a Baroque architectural style, which is known for its grandeur, intricate details and decorations. It is adorned with elaborate sculptures, ornate columns, and an array of decorative elements that celebrate religious themes. At the centre, above the entrance, is a relief depicting the Virgin of Guadalupe, flanked by angels and saints. The facade's rich detailing is enhanced by the use of tezontle, a red volcanic rock, which gives it a distinctive and vibrant appearance. At each corner of the building is an octagonal tower which is crowned with mosaics or azulejos (tiles) in the style called Talavera, which are yellow with blue borders. Each tower contains 3 bells which vary in size and pitch, enabling a harmonious blend when rung. In the centre of the building is the dome which is covered in tiles, similar to those on the towers, and it is adorned with religious artwork and symbols. The interior of the dome features beautiful frescoes and paintings that depict various scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary and the history of the Basilica. The main facade is designed in Baroque style, which was popular during the time the basilica was built. The façade is constructed using tezontle, a reddish volcanic rock that is commonly found in Mexican architecture, along with Chiluca stone. It features intricate stone carvings and statues and elaborate decorations that reflect the artistic trends of the period.  The central niche features a statue of the Virgin of Guadalupe, flanked by columns and ornamental details. The columns are adorned with elaborate designs and sculpted capitals, adding to the grandeur of the façade. In the centre of the façade is the main entrance, which is decorated with religious symbols, including crosses, angels, and images of the Virgin Mary.  The door is made from wood in a detailed Baroque style, in keeping with the overall architectural theme of the basilica. It features intricate carvings and ornate patterns that add to its grandeur. including images of saints, angels, and scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary. On entry, visitors are greeted by the statue of Pope John Paul II which commemorates his visit to the basilica in 1979.  The central nave has a ceiling with beautiful intricate designs and supported by intricately carved columns decorated with religious symbols and motifs.  In the side aisles there are several altars dedicated to various saints and religious figures, each adorned with statues and paintings.  The interior is decorated with paintings, sculptures, and reliefs that depict scenes from the Bible and the life of the Virgin Mary.  At the far end of the nave is the main altar, once again, in the Baroque style. Made from marble, and wood with gold leaf trimming. Above the altar is an image of Our Lady of Guadalupe, which is surrounded by a radiant frame, emphasizing its significance, and which is something that is the primary focus for worshippers. The altar is adorned with intricately carved statues and reliefs of the saints and angels. Above the main altar is a baldachin or canopy, which further highlights its importance. At the base of the main altar, candles and flowers are place as offerings by devotees. 
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All Photographs were taken by and are copyright of Ron Gatepain
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